Module4-The Romantic period

The Romantic period /William Wordsworth /(1798-1837) /lyrical Ballads period

Older poets
1.William Wordsworth
2.S.T.Coleridge.
3.Walter Scott.
4.Robert Southey

Second Generation
1.Lord Byron
2.P.B.Shelley.
3.John keats.
4.John Clare.

Novelist
1.Jane Austen
2.Charles Lamb.Leighht Hunt.
3.William Hazlitt
4.Sydney Smith
Jane Austen
1.Sense and Sensibility
2.Emma.
3.Mansfield Park
4.Persuasion
5.Pride and Prejudiced
6.Northanger abbey.

P.B. Shelley
1.To Night.
2.The Cloud
3.Ode to a skylark
4.To Night
5.A lament
6.The Sensitive Plant
7.Defence of Poetry
8.O world! O life!O Tie!
9.Ode to the West Wind.
10.Hellas.
11.The mask of anarchy.
12.On the necessity of Aetheism
13.The revolt of Islam


John keats

1.Hyperion
2.Endymion
3.Lamia
4.The Eve of St.Agnes
5.Isabella
6.Bright Star

William Wordsworth

1.The Prelude
2.Tintern abbey
3.To the Cuckoo
4.The Daffodils
5.The Rainbow
6.We are Seven
7.Ode to duty
8.To Milton
9.The solitary Reaper.
10.The world is too much wiith us
11.The Excursion

S.T. Coleridge

1.Kubla khan
2.The Rime of the ancient Mariner
3.France-an ode
4.frost at midnight
5.Youth and Age.
6.religious Musings
7.Dejection-an ode

Lord Byron

1.Childe Harold's Pilgrimage
2..The Vision of judgement
3.Manfred
4.Lara
5.Cain
6.The Corsair

Charles lamb

1.Tales from shakespeare
2.The english comic writers

William Hazlitt
1.Characters of Shakespeares plays.
2.The English poets
3.The spirit of the Age.

continued

A gradual change in the later half of the eighteenth  century


W.H. hudson says about people of Johnson's age that,"they found  themselves discontent with the way their fathers  had looked at life,with their formalism,their narrowness of sympathy and their controlling ideals.Weary of the long contiued artificiality,they began to crave for something natural and spontaneous in thought and language..They were quickened into renaissance of feeling.Man was treated Man now.Democracy prevaioled.


Main novelists of this Age were


1.Daniel Defoe
2.Jonanath Swift.
3.Joseph Addison.
4.George Berkeley
5.Dr.Samuel Johnson
6.Adam Smith
7.Oliver Goldsmith
8.David Hume
9.Edmund Burke.
10. Henry fielding
11.Samuel Richardson
12.Horace Walpole
13.Mathew Gregory Lewis.


Main poets of this Age.
1.Alexander Pope
2.William blake.
3.Thomas Gray
4.Robert Burns.
5.John Dyer
6.Dr Samuel Johnson.
7.William Collins.

continued

Important characteristics of this Age.

1.Predominance of logic and reason.
2.Lack of passion and emotion in Literature.
3.Literature of town life.
4.Satirical and Didactic.(lacked emotion n imagination and was poetry of argument and criticism,of politics and personalities)
5.Closed Heroic couplet.((suited epigrammatic terseness and satirical suitability and for stereotyped traditional poets diction.)

continued

Why is it called Classic Age? /Neo-Classical Age?


The term Classical refers to ancient Latin literature which flourished in the Roman Empire.The Latin poets and critics of this age were believed to be the best models and ultimate standards of literary taste.The English poets and critics of early eighteenth century felt honoured in being able to copy these classical poets and critics.Hence they were called Neo-Classicalists.Again,like these Latin poets and talent of individual genius and had absolute faith in the laws and rules as prescribed and practised by the ancients.

Module-3 The Augustan Age

The Augustan Age /18th Century /Classical /Neo-Classical /Age of Pope /Age of Johnson /(1700- 1745-1798).

Why is it called The Augustan Age.

Those who used this term earlier believed that as the Age of Emperor Augustus was the golden age in Latin Literature in the Roman Empire,so 18th century was the golden age in literature in England.Now the term has just become a catchward to draw an anology between the English Literature of the first half of the eighteenth century and the Latin Literature of the first half of the eighteenth century and the Latin literature of the times of Vergil and Horace..In both cases literature was produced of self -conscious and deliberate art.

Jacobean to Restoration Period

Module 2

Jacobean to Restoration Age /(1603-1700) /The longest period nearly hundred years in the  history of England.This period is divided into following 3 historical periods.

1.The Jacobean Age.(1603-1625).In this period after Queen Elizabeth ,James 1 ascended the throne.

2.The Caroline Age or The Age of Charles 1(1625-1649)

3.The Interim period of Commonwealth (1649-1660).

4.The period of Restoration of Charles 2.(1660-1685)

5.James 2 (1685-1688).

6..The Socio-Cultural Aftermath of the Restoration (upto 1700).

Impt*****

After the glorious and glamorous period of Queen Elizabeth,the reign of James ! showed a sharp decline in every field of national life.The spirit of Renaissance,the craze for learning,the spirit for daring voyages for the discovery of new lands,and the solidarity of England which had all touched the high water mark during the Elizabethan Age started declining like spent up forces.Several kinds of dissipating forces,specially in the domain of religion,had started emerging and weakening the nation.

Major authors and poets of this period are John Donne,John Milton,John Dryden,Samuel Butler,

Caroline poets-Andrew Marwell,Richard Lovelace,Sir John Suckling,Francis Quaries,Thomas Carew,Robert Herrick.

Christopher Marlowe;s famous works

1.Doctor Faustus.
2.Edward ii
3.The Jew of Malta
4.The tragedy of Dido,Queen of Carthage
5.Tamburlaine the Great

Ben Jonson

1.The Alchemist
2.Every man in his humour.
3.Every man out of his humour.
4.The poetaster.

Prose /Romantic writers

1.Sir Philip Sidney
2.Richard Hooker
3.Richard Hakluyt
4.Paphael Holinshed
5.William Webbe
6.George Puttenham
7.Robert Green
8.Thomas Ledge.
9.John lyl.
10.Raleigh

What is Literature?What's Life?

Life since time immemorial has been evolving ,and evolving.If we see it according to Darwin's theory of Evolution and till date the Globalised world where computers have replaced human beings,manuscripts are replaced by prints but life's basic fundas,theories of karmas,positive attitudes,growth,issues of love and wars,marriages and functions all have just acquired a new domain crux being the same as it was in olden times.The main purpose of starting this blog is to make the beginners aware of the basics of life, which will open their doors to different genres of Literature be it fiction,non-fiction ,different approaches by some known Psychologists like Sigmund Freud and Lacan and also some aspects of Linguistics by great Linguist  like Noam Chomskey and certain important aspects of Phonetics and Phonology will be touched by keeping the requirements of modern reader and learner  of English in mind.Hope so the efforts will bring out the desired fruit and I am able to reach the demands of my clients.God's grace!


Module1,

Elizabethan Age/ Shakespearn Age /Renaissance Period /Golden Period in the History of English Literature /(1558-1625).

Renaissance means rebirth or revival.
In present context it means,rebirth or revival of Greek and Italian culture,learning,literature,art,painting,and architecture,etc,in other European countries like Germany,France and England.

It was around middle of mid fifteenth century that the Turks invaded and conquered most parts of Greek empire,with the result that the Greek philosophers,scholars and artists started fleeing from Greece and spreading out in other European countries.The exodus of Greek scholars gained momentum on the fall of Constantipole at the hands of the Turks in 1943.Many of them took shelter in Italy.Gradually ,Italy became the centre of Greek(Classical art and Literature.


In course,of time ,the Greek and Italian scholarship,art and literature reached England through France and found England a very favourable counry for their growth and advancement.Greek and Italian models began to be imitated or even copied in England.English poets,dramatists and authors became crazy about Greek models.Marlowe's plays,Shakespeare's Tragedies,Spenser's Faerie Queene,Sidney's Arcadia,Ben Johnson's Comedies,Bacon's Essays are all based directly or indirectly on the Greek classical models.Plato and Aristotle prescribed the principles of philosophy and literary criticism.This spirit of imitating the classical models persisted in English Literature upto the eighteenth century,when Pope went to the extent of saying;


:Know well each Ancient's proper character'
His fable,subject,scope in every page;
Religion,country,genius of his Age;
without alll these at once before your eyes,
Cavil you may, but never criticize.
Be Homer's worlks your study and delighht.
read them by day,and meditate by night'
Thence form your judgement,thence your maxims bring
And trace the muses upward to their spring.:


THe above lines on reading carefully we learn express the extent of Ancient Greek art,culture n literature and many more things like religion,culture  have a deep influence on poets n dramatist of those times.


But it doesn't mean that poets,dramatists and authors of this age were mere imitatos.They just took models from the ancients and then produced their original works which are the glory of English Literature today.